The main advantages of lasers for material processing are:
· Very high accuracy in the final processed products that can be obtained without the need for polishing.
· No wearing of mechanical tools. Mechanical tools change their dimensions during the working process, and require constant measurements and feedback to adapt their position to original plan in computerized instrumentation. Material processing includes many kinds of processes. A partial list includes:
· Cutting - The laser can be a very precise cutting tool. High power lasers are used for cutting steel, while other lasers are used to cut fabrics, rubber, plastic, or any other material.
· Welding - Combining (fusing) two materials together. By heating the materials near the connecting region, the materials melt locally, and fuse together.
· Hardening - By heating specific areas of the material, most metals can be hardened most of the metals. Even local hardening of specific part of a tool can be done by local irradiation.
· Melting - Absorption of laser beams caused a rise in temperature. Since very high power can be transferred to materials in a very short time, melting can be easily done.
· Evaporating - Used to ablate material (transfer it into the gas phase).
· Photolithography - especially in the semiconductor industry. Very delicate shapes can be created in materials which are used for masks in photolithography. Special materials respond to light at specific wavelength by changing their properties. Thus it is possible to remove parts of the material with very high precision (in micrometer range).
· 3D Laser measurements - With the help of a scanning laser, it is possible to obtain the information about a shape of a three-dimensional object and put it in the computer.
· 3D Stereo lithography - Similar to photolithography, but the laser is used to create three dimensional sculpture of the information stored within a computer. A combination of the last two applications enables creating 3-D models. Even statue of people were build with high accuracy using these techniques.
· Very high accuracy in the final processed products that can be obtained without the need for polishing.
· No wearing of mechanical tools. Mechanical tools change their dimensions during the working process, and require constant measurements and feedback to adapt their position to original plan in computerized instrumentation. Material processing includes many kinds of processes. A partial list includes:
· Cutting - The laser can be a very precise cutting tool. High power lasers are used for cutting steel, while other lasers are used to cut fabrics, rubber, plastic, or any other material.
· Welding - Combining (fusing) two materials together. By heating the materials near the connecting region, the materials melt locally, and fuse together.
· Hardening - By heating specific areas of the material, most metals can be hardened most of the metals. Even local hardening of specific part of a tool can be done by local irradiation.
· Melting - Absorption of laser beams caused a rise in temperature. Since very high power can be transferred to materials in a very short time, melting can be easily done.
· Evaporating - Used to ablate material (transfer it into the gas phase).
· Photolithography - especially in the semiconductor industry. Very delicate shapes can be created in materials which are used for masks in photolithography. Special materials respond to light at specific wavelength by changing their properties. Thus it is possible to remove parts of the material with very high precision (in micrometer range).
· 3D Laser measurements - With the help of a scanning laser, it is possible to obtain the information about a shape of a three-dimensional object and put it in the computer.
· 3D Stereo lithography - Similar to photolithography, but the laser is used to create three dimensional sculpture of the information stored within a computer. A combination of the last two applications enables creating 3-D models. Even statue of people were build with high accuracy using these techniques.
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